- Swap: ~2 GB
- TMP: ~2 GB
- /: Rest (mind. 6 GB frei nach Installation)
Anleitung von http://www.pythian.com/blogs/549/installing-oracle-11g-on-ubuntu-linux-704
Step Zero
Make sure your system is up-to-date. A simple apt-get update followed by a apt-get upgrade will do the trick, although you may prefer using the GUI Synaptic Package Manager — it’s entirely up to you what method you choose. However, I much prefer to use the command line.
As you go through updates, sometimes a reboot will be needed (usually to boot from a newer, recently-updated kernel). Sometimes it’ll just ask you to restart your web browser or some other program as a new version is installed.
It’s important to have a few gigabytes of free disk space and a total of 1 GB of memory before starting this. This 1 GB of memory can be RAM alone or the combination of RAM and swap space. Of course, since everything runs faster when in RAM, the more of it, the better.
Very important: get Java running before trying to move on. My guess is that almost any JRE (java runtime) or JDK (java development kit) will work. I’m not sure which is the minimum version required: I used Sun JDK 1.5.
Step One
Install some system requirements. There are a few packages that I had to install on this box (it was a recently installed system which didn’t have all these packages). After several attempts of installing Oracle, the equivalent command-line for installing all the necessary packages at once was something like this:
# apt-get install gcc make binutils lesstif2 libc6 libc6-dev rpm libmotif3 libaio1 libaio-dev libstdc++5 gawk alien libg++2.8.1.3-glibc2.2 ksh gcc-3.3 g++-3.3 libstdc++5
It’s possible that when installing the packages mentioned above, the installer will install some other prerequisites as well, as these packages themselves may have prerequisites.
Step Two
Choose where you are going to install your Oracle 11g server and create the ORACLE_BASE directory. This is the place where Oracle will be installed. Make sure there is at least 3 GB on the partition/mount point before moving to the next step. After installed, my basic installation took about 3.4 GB on disk (without the starter database!). As your database grows, it will need more space. Reserve a total of at least 6 GB for the unpacked installer and the basic installation. You can get rid of the installer files afterwards.
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
Step Three
Add a few users and change groups to make the installer more comfortable. Remember, we are tricking the installer to think it’s installing on a Red Hat box.
# addgroup oinstall
# addgroup dba
# addgroup nobody
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -p password -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle
# usermod -g nobody nobody
The usermod command is needed since because when running, the installer looks for a user called nobody which is part of a group named nobody (in Ubuntu, the user nobody it’s assigned to nogroup by default).
Step Four
Make some symlinks. Apparently, the installer uses absolute paths, so it must find the binaries in the right places.
# ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
# ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm
# ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename
Step Five
We need to mimic the /etc/rc.d directory structure of a Red Hat box. We do this with more symlinks:
# mkdir /etc/rc.d
# ln -s /etc/rc0.d /etc/rc.d/rc0.d
# ln -s /etc/rc2.d /etc/rc.d/rc2.d
# ln -s /etc/rc3.d /etc/rc.d/rc3.d
# ln -s /etc/rc4.d /etc/rc.d/rc4.d
# ln -s /etc/rc5.d /etc/rc.d/rc5.d
# ln -s /etc/rc6.d /etc/rc.d/rc6.d
# ln -s /etc/init.d /etc/rc.d/init.d
Step Six
I’ve created a file called /etc/redhat-release and put only one line on it. The same can be achieved by issuing the following as root:
echo "Red Hat Linux release 4" > /etc/redhat-release
Step Seven
We tweak the system default limits on a few items. The shared-memory are specially important, since Oracle relies on shared memory for process communications. There is a file called /etc/sysctl.conf and it should have these lines on it:
fs.file-max = 65535
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
Now that they are in a config file, these limits will be issued automatically at the next boot sequence. For now, we need to make the system re-read the config file:
# sysctl -p
Now, what do those parameters and values actually mean?
fs.file-maxsets the maximum number of open files that can be handled by the Linux kernel.kernel.shmalldetermines the total amount of shared memory to be allocated in pages. In this example, I’ve set it to 8GB, which is way above the amount of memory I can handle in my box, even with swap.kernel.shmmaxcontrols the maximum amount of memory to be allocated for shared memory which in this example is 2GB.kernel.shmmnidefines the maximum number of segments system-wide.net.core.rmem_defaultandnet.core.rmem_maxdefine the default and maximum read buffer queue for network operations (1 MB in this example)net.core.wmem_defaultandnet.core.wmem_maxdefine the default and maximum write buffer queue for network operations (256 KB in this example)net.ipv4.ip_local_port_rangetells the kernel the port ranges that will be used for outbound connections.kernel.semhas four parameters:SEMMSL- semaphores per arraySEMMNS- max semaphores system-wide (SEMMNI*SEMMSL)SEMOPM- max operations per semop callSEMMNI- max number of semaphore arrays
To check your current semaphores configuration, you can run cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem or ipcs -ls. On my machine, after the modifications on sysctl.conf, these commands output:
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem
250 32000 100 128
# ipcs -ls
------ Semaphore Limits --------
max number of arrays = 128
max semaphores per array = 250
max semaphores system wide = 32000
max ops per semop call = 100
semaphore max value = 32767
(I really don’t know if these are enough or too much, but I’ll keep you posted.)
For a better understanding of these kernel-tweaking settings, I’d recommend these resources:
- schogini.us/wordpress/index.php/2005/11/01/setting-semaphores/
- performancewiki.com/linux-tuning.html
- pythian.com/blogs/245/the-mysterious-world-of-shmmax-and-shmall
Step Eight
Add these lines to /etc/security/limits.conf, letting the oracle user use more resources than the defaults allowed. You may notice that all these values are a power of 2 minus one. When soft limits are exceeded, you’ll get a warning; the hard limits can’t be exceeded in any situation: you’ll get an error. I’m not completely sure, but I think these limits apply to each session/login (and since Oracle doesn’t exactly log in to the machine, my best guess is these limits apply per instance running).
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16383
oracle soft nofile 1023
oracle hard nofile 65535
Step Nine
Make sure the limits.conf is being interpreted as the oracle user logs in by adding these lines to /etc/pam.d/login. You will want to make sure that is actually happening, since the defaults are way lower and you may get all sorts of problems.
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
Step Ten
Unpack and prepare the installation.
# cd /path/to/zipfile
# unzip linux_11gR1b5_database.zip
(And wait… wait a bit more… go get a cup of coffee…)
After your second cup of coffee, you should have a multi-gigabyte set of files; this is our installer.
# chown -R oracle:oinstall database
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
Step Eleven
Fire up the installer as the oracle user itself. This is what you will probably see on the output window:
# su - oracle
$ cd /path/to/extracted/zip/file
$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 80 MB. Actual 58633 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 2900 MB Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2007-07-11_04-38-56PM. Please wait ...
Oracle Universal Installer, Version 11.1.0.2.0 Production
Copyright (C) 1999, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ulimit: 1: Illegal option -u
ulimit: 1: Illegal option -u
rpm: To install rpm packages on Debian systems, use alien. See README.Debian.
error: cannot open Packages index using db3 - No such file or directory (2)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
rpm: To install rpm packages on Debian systems, use alien. See README.Debian.
error: cannot open Packages index using db3 - No such file or directory (2)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
